Kako mogu prepoznati loš izvor informacija?

Više puta sam primila komentar na blogu u kojemu me se pita za mišljenje o nekoj web stranici, ili knjizi koja se tiče wicce i/ili paganizma. Ovo me motiviralo da napišem post o dilemi kvalitete ne bih li potaknula kritičko mišljenje i svijest o kvaliteti kod svojih suputnika na ovom duhovnom putu, odnosno vas.

Voljela bih naglasiti da ovaj post ne nudi beziznimna pravila za prepoznavanje kvalitetnih izvora informacija jer se svačija ideja kvalitete naposljetku razlikuje. Ipak, želim ponuditi vlastito shvaćanje kvalitetnih wiccanskih i paganskih izvora informacija jer znam da su tuđi savjeti i literarne preporuke bile od iznimne koristi za mene kada i sama nisam znala odakle početi.

Beletristika, serije i filmovi nisu pouzdani

Bilo mi je zanimljivo primijetiti koliko ljudi koristi beletristiku, filmove i serije tobože kao "izvore" informacija o wicci i paganizmu. Jasno, oni među njima koji se zaista tiču ove tematike mogu i često jesu utemeljeni u istini, ali, kako bi se reklo u narodu, vrag se uvijek krije u detaljima. Iako njihova podloga jest utemeljena, cijela priča koja se gradila na njoj je češće izmišljena, prenapuhana, previše fantastična, ili jednostavno neistinita. Da nije takva, ta knjiga se ne bi uspjela prodati, a film/serija ne bi postigli popularnost. Ovo nisu stručni izvori - oni ne nude konkretne, praktične informacije ni objašnjenja. U najboljem slučaju mogu poslužiti kao inspiracija za nešto, a u najgorem mogu osobu uvjeriti u potpune gluposti što će joj u konačnici štetiti u duhovnom razvoju.

U više navrata sam pitala ljude koji su mi prišli s praktičnim upitima o wicci koje su do sada knjige na ovu temu čitali. Ovo bih uvijek pitala naprosto da dobijem bolji osjećaj za njihovo teoretsko znanje jer smatram da je ono temelj za praksu i da stoga treba biti dobro izgrađeno. Dosta puta sam kao odgovor dobila nekoliko knjiga Paula Coelha (preciznije Bridu, ili Vješticu iz Portobella). Čitala sam ove knjige i simpatične su, ali nipošto ne mogu poslužiti kao ozbiljan izvor informacija o wicci i paganizmu. Isto vrijedi za filmove (npr. Wicker Man, Bewitched ili The Craft, pa i Harry Potter) i serije, kojih se nakupilo tijekom zadnjih nekoliko desetljeća - Sabrina mala vještica, Charmed, Buffy ubojica vampira, Merlin i tako dalje.

Dakle, beletristika, filmovi i serije mogu biti ugodni za pogledati povremeno, mogu poslužiti kao inspiracija, potaknuti znatiželju i slično, ali ne mogu biti, nisu i nikada neće biti stručni izvori informacija o wicci i paganizmu.

Prepoznavanje kvalitetnih knjiga

Kada govorim o kvalitetnim knjigama, mislim na kvalitetne stručne izvore. Beletristika može biti kvalitetno napisana, ali po količini informacija ne može parirati stručnoj literaturi.

Postoji na pregršt knjiga na tržištu o wicci i paganizmu, pa i široj tematici (okultizmu, duhovnosti itd.). Glavno pitanje ovdje je kako prepoznati među svim tim knjigama one kvalitetne?

Zapravo ne postoji jedno shvaćanje kvalitetne knjige jer će svatko pod kvalitetnim smatrati nešto drugo. Stoga ću vas u ovom podnaslovu provesti kroz vlastiti sistem prepoznavanja kvalitetne knjige, odnosno kroz proces eliminiranja onih nekvalitetnih.

Kada sam počela proučavati wiccu i paganizam, imala sam sreće da sam se našla u virtualnom krugu ljudi koji su se već mnogo godina ozbiljno bavili time i koji su pročitali mnoštvo knjiga ove tematike. Preporuke za knjige su mi dolazile sa svih strana, kao i osvrti na njih kako bih znala koja knjiga je dobra za što. Važno je zapamtiti da nijedna knjiga nije savršena i neće pružiti sve informacije koje su vam potrebne. Ipak, svaka knjiga ima neki svoj forte, a isto tako može imati i velike mane koje trebamo osvijestiti ako ćemo iz svake knjige izvući ono najbolje. Zato je važno razviti kritično mišljenje prema literaturi, a to se najbolje čini čitanjem, čitanjem i daljnjim čitanjem kako biste s vremenom shvatili što se u određenim knjigama poklapa, što odskače (i zbog čega odskače), kakav vam se stil pisanja sviđa, koje preporuke zaista imaju smisla i koje zaista uspijevate primijeniti u vlastitom životu, a koje vam nisu nimalo koristile. Pošto je to meni puno pomoglo na početku, i na ovom blogu sam napravila popis od 15ak knjiga koje preporučam za početnike. Ove knjige sam preporučila jer su meni bilo iznimno korisne (ali to ne znači da će se svima svidjeti), jer su formirale moju duhovnu praksu na bolje i jer odgovaraju mom viđenju kvalitete o kojemu ću nastaviti pričati u ovom postu. Taj popis knjiga možete naći u sekciji "Literatura". Ali nastavimo dalje s nekim praktičnijim, aktivnijim savjetima.

Kada tražim knjigu na temu wicce, ili paganizma (ili bilo koju knjigu stručne literature), prvo pogledam sadržaj. Ako naslovi poglavlja odgovaraju onome što tražim od te knjige, onda je nastavljam proučavati. Naravno, ono što tražim uvijek varira. Na početku sam tražila smislene preglede koji će prekriti pomalo od svega - povijest paganizma, sabate i druga slavlja, običaje, rituale, magiju itd. Kada pročitate određeni broj knjiga takve vrste, onda pomalo shvatite što vas najviše zanima i krećete dalje u tom smjeru. Tada tražite knjige uže tematike koje obično postaju sve stručnije i stručnije kako ulazite sve dublje u to područje. Ali ove daljnje knjige nisu problematične za naći jer ćete u toj fazi već znati razlikovati ono što je kvalitetno od onog što je nekvalitetno. Važno je na samom početku, kada tražite svojevrsne preglede, znati razabrati kvalitetnu knjigu u moru njih.

Ljudi imaju naviku, kada tek uđu u svijet wicce i paganizma, tražiti one knjiga koje koje imaju impresivne naslove, ali to ne znači da morate isključiti one koje imaju sasvim uobičajene naslove kao što je "Uvod u _____", ili naprosto "Wicca/Paganizam". Dajte priliku svakoj knjizi bez obzira na njezinu vanjštinu.

Kada listam neku knjigu u knjižari, ili proučavam sažeti primjerak na internetu (kao što se zna naći na Google Books, primjerice), uvijek prvo pogledam poglavlje u vezi magije ukoliko postoji (a najčešće postoji). Nedavni trend svođenja wicce i paganizma na izvođenje magije mi nije nimalo simpatičan jer se onda u potpunosti zanemaruje onaj devocijski aspekt koji je također bitan. Magija je u ovoj cijeloj priči samo jedan (proizvoljni) element paganizma/wicce. Nadalje, ako vidim da autor knjige više fokusa stavlja na iznošenje "recepata" za bajalice i čarolije, a manje na magijski proces (koji se bazira na vlastoručnom pisanju i planiranju magijskog rada), automatski eliminiram tu knjigu. Naravno, ovo ne znači da neki autori neće dati pokoji ogledni primjerak koji zaista dobro dođe na početku, ali bilo koja osoba koja se bavi magijom treba znati da će magija biti onoliko potentna koliko se u nju uloži energija. Ako je osoba samo uzela knjigu i pročitala iz nje nešto što je netko drugi napisao, količina uloženog truda je ravna nuli.

Upravo iz poviše navedenog razloga bih svima savjetovala da, barem na početku, izbjegavaju knjige bajalica (eng. spell books) i knjige slične njima koje sve serviraju na srebrnom pladnju. Takve knjige nose nazive poput "50 ljubavnih čarolija koje će vam promijeniti život", "Kako magijom doći do novca", "Mala knjiga čarolija" i slično. One se trebaju nalaziti na policama za samopomoć jer tome i služe. One neće djelovati, ali će utješiti one kojima su potrebne u tom trenutku. One zapravo daju lažnu nadu i razvijaju negativne stereotipe o paganima i wiccanima. Ovo posljednje kažem jer potiču mišljenje (i praksu) da wiccani, pagani i vještice izvode magiju iz sebičnih razloga i pritom u potpunosti zanemaruju etičku dimenziju svoje duhovnosti. Što više ljudi čita takve knjige, to će ih više zaista početi zanemarivati moralne vrijednosti i raditi samo kako bi sebi pomogli bez obzira na posljedice. Uz sve ovo, sama činjenica da se ovakve knjige može naći na svakom uglu, od knjižara, do trafika i supermarketa, ne ulijeva puno povjerenja (iako sam u više navrata našla jako kvalitetne knjiga u trafikama, ali u globalu budu lošije kvalitete).

Još jedna vrsta literature koju nikako ne volim su kompleti za početnike u kojima uz knjigu dobijete i "sve što će vam trebati za početak". Ovo može biti simpatično, ali ako netko uz knjigu treba prodavati gomilu opreme ne bi li je maknuo s polica, to je već sumnjivo. Također, teško mi je povjerovati da u maloj (vrlo tankoj) plastičnoj vrećici možete dobiti sve što će vam trebati za početak. Ovakve knjige su, po mom mišljenju, namijenjene za one koji ne shvaćaju paganizam ni wiccu ozbiljno nego žele za vrlo malo novca udovoljiti nekom privremenom hiru. 

Pošto je u zadnjih nekoliko desetljeća porasla popularnost wicce i paganizma među tinejđerima, sve više knjiga se piše upravo za njih. Najpoznatija među njima su Teen Witch i To Ride a Silver Broomstick od Silver Ravenwolf (zanimljivost: potonja je među najprodavanijima knjigama izdavačke kuće Lewellyn Publishing). Mnogo ljudi ima negativne stavove prema ovoj autorici iz raznoraznih razloga, ali u to neću ulaziti. No, neke zamjerku nekim njenim knjigama, pa i svim drugim knjigama koje su napisane za tinejđere moram iznijeti. Kao prvo, često djeluju neozbiljno zbog stila pisanja i primjera koji se iznose. Kao drugo, uz pojednostavljeni jezik također iznose pojednostavljenu filozofiju/povijest/teologiju wicce i paganizma što čitateljima nikako ne ide u prilog bez obzira na dob. Ukratko, iako autori ovih knjiga uspiju ostvariti svoju namjeru pojednostavljivanja i približavanja tematike svojim čitateljima, to mogu učiniti nauštrb informacijama. Zbog ovoga je potreban veliki oprez s ovim i svim drugim "početničkim" knjigama. U sekciji "Literatura" sam navela one početničke knjige za koje smatram da sažeto i jasno iznose informacije, ali pritom ne izostavljaju važne podatke i ne banaliziraju stvari. To ne znači da su one najbolje knjige za svačiji početak, ali smatram da se lijepo nadopunjuju i da svatko može izgraditi snažne temelje u wicci i paganizmu ako počne s čitanjem te selekcije knjiga.

Nadalje, kad se nalazim u prilici na prolistam knjigu, nakon što sam pogledala poglavlje o magiji, odmah okrećem na poglavlje o povijesti. Sva sreća da imam već neko pozadinsko znanje o ovome pa mi nije teško procijeniti valja li knjiga ili ne na temelju povijesnih činjenica koje iznosi. Generalno govoreći, autor koji u svoju knjigu uključuje povijesno poglavlje, a ne vlada povijesnim činjenicama je po mom mišljenju autor kojeg se ne treba čitati. Savjetujem vam da uvijek provjerite barem neke osnovne godine i imena iz ovog poglavlja ako ste u mogućnosti to učiniti. Možete zaviriti u druge provjerene knjige ove tematike, ili jednostavno upotrijebiti Google dok sami ne steknete dovoljno znanja da procijenite ispravnost iznesenih povijesnih činjenica.

Još neke mane koje sam primijetila u knjigama osrednje/loše kvalitete jesu licemjernost i nedorečenost. Licemjernost je najčešće vidljiva u kritiziranju drugih religija/vjera/duhovnosti na temelju njihovih diskriminirajućih djela u prošlosti ili sadašnjosti dok se istovremeno upravo njih blati i propovijeda snošljivost i ljubav prema drugima. Nedorečenost je jednako loša mana jer se odražava u šturim informacijama kojima nedostaju objašnjenja. Previše knjiga jednostavno kažu "napravite ovo" i "napravite ovo ovako upravo u tom trenutku" bez da objasne zašto se nešto radi, zašto se radi na taj način i upravo u tom trenutku. Iz ovog razloga, primjerice, izrazito cijenim knjigu Elements of Ritual od Deboreh Lipp - ovo je prva knjiga na koju sam naišla da mi je zaista objasnila zašto se neke stvari rade onako kako se rade u ritualu.

Zajednička mana svih ovakvih knjiga jest to što im nedostaje ozbiljnosti i dubine i/ili opsega. Odnosno, ako tražite knjigu za početak, moj savjet je da idete više u opseg kako biste dobili pomalo informacija o svakom aspektu paganizma/wicce i time spoznali što vas najviše privlači. Naravno, odlično je ako knjiga, uz opseg, uspije ući i u dubinu tematike. No, kada već saznate što vas zanima, preporučam da ciljate prema tematskoj dubini, a ne opsegu kako biste produbili vlastito znanje o toj tematici i razvili kvalitetniju praksu. Ali knjiga u svakom slučaju treba biti ozbiljna! To ne znači da se u njoj ne može naći nijedna dosjetka, smiješna anegdota i slično (jer mnogo kvalitetnih autora koje sam čitala ima ovaj stil pisanja), već samo da knjiga treba biti objektivna (dozvoljeni su subjektivni komentari i iskustva u određenim dozama), da iznosi upozorenja po potrebi, da ističe važnost i ozbiljnost paganske/wiccanske duhovne prakse, odnosno da ih ne promovira kao što bi se činilo u tridesetsekundnoj televizijskoj/radijskoj reklami (čujete li one pretjerano entuzijastične, lažne glasove od kojih vas gotovo bole uši?).

Oprez s internetom

Posljednja i možda najveća opasnost u traženju izvora o wicci i paganizmu jest internet. U knjigama se može naći gomila gluposti, a zamislite tek kako je s internetom na kojemu se svakodnevno objavljuje mnogo više članaka, skripti, "knjiga" i slično koji nisu prošli ruke ni urednika ni lektora. Nisam mogla vjerovati i kakve sam gluposti našla među aplikacijama za mobitele! Zaista treba biti oprezan kada su u pitanju virtualni izvori informacija jer svatko danas može napisati nešto bez ikakve garancije kvalitete.

Moja preporuka je da internet uopće ne koristite kao izvor osim ako nije baš nužno i ako izvor kojeg ste našli nije od iznimne kvalitete! Ovo vrijedi i za moj blog. Internet može poslužiti za podsjetiti se neke informacije, provjeriti i usporediti određene činjenice i istražiti različita viđenja neke teme, ali se nikako ne smije uzeti za glavni izvor informacija.

Vrlo važno upozorenje koje mogu dati u vezi interneta jest da ne nasjedate na stranice koje nude virtualne tečajeve wicce/vještičarstva/paganizma, a još manje na one koje tvrde da će vas inicirati, pročistiti, posvetiti ili ne znam ni ja što za "simboličnu cijenu". Ubrzani tečajevi svećenstva i male škole vještičarstva...gluposti.

Ipak, ako već gledate web stranice, predlažem da se vodite istim savjetima koje sam navela u prošlim podnaslovima. Uz to vam intuicija također može jako puno značiti. Ako naslutite da nešto nije u redu s tom stranicom, samo idite dalje.

Na kraju krajeva će iskustvo učiniti svoje. Ako ustrajate i čitate raznovrsne izvore, s vremenom ćete naučiti već na prvi pogled prepoznati ono što ne valja, ili što vam ne odgovara. Svakako se nadam da ćete razviti vlastite stavove i naučiti kritizirati i preispitivati ono što čitate. Nikada ne uzimajte nešto zdravo za gotovo, budite znatiželjni, motivirani i istražujte dalje!

How To Recognize a Bad Information Source?

In the past, I have received several comments on my blog in which people ask me for my opinion on web sites or books regarding Wicca and/or Paganism. This motivated me to write a post on the dilemma of quality in hopes of stimulating critical thinking and quality awareness in the companions on my spiritual journey, that is to say all of you.

I would like to emphasize that this post does not offer invariable rules for recognizing quality sources of information because everybody's idea of quality is different in the end. Still, I would like to offer my own understanding of quality Wiccan and Pagan information sources because I know that other peoples' advice and literary recommendations were extremely useful for me which I myself wasn't sure where to start.

Novels, Series and Movies Aren't Reliable

It was interesting to notice how many people use novels, movies and series as "sources" of information about Wicca and Paganism. Of course, those of them (the sources) that really are concerned with this topic can and usually are based on the truth but, as the saying goes, the devil is in the detail. Even though their groundworks are firm, the stories that are built upon them are more often than not made up, overblown, too fantastical, or simply untruthful. If they weren't like this, the books wouldn't sell and the movies/series wouldn't achieve such popularity. These are not scholarly sources - they do not offer concrete, practical information or explanations. At best, they can offer inspiration for something, but at worst, they can convince a person into believing complete nonsense which will ultimately harm their spiritual development.

When people approach me with practical questions regarding Wicca, I regularly ask them which books on this topic they have read so far. I always ask this just to get a better understanding of the scope of their theoretical knowledge because I think of it as being the basis for practice and that it therefore has to be firmly constructed. Many times, the replies included some books by Paulo Coelho (more precisely Brida and The Witch of Portobello). I have read these books and they are enjoyable, but they can on no account be seen as a serious information source for Wicca or Paganism. The same goes for movies (e.g. The Wicker Man, Bewitched or The Craft, and also Harry Potter) as well as series, which have piled up in the last few decades - Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Charmed, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Merlin and so on.

Basically, novels, movies and series can be pleasurable once in a while, they can be used for inspiration, to arouse curiosity and so on, but they cannot be, are not and will never be scholarly sources of information on the topics of Wicca and Paganism.

Recognizing Quality Books

When I say "quality books", I am referring to quality scholarly sources. Novels can be written nicely, but they cannot bear comparison to scholarly literature in terms of the quantity of information they provide.

There is a great deal of books on the market about Wicca and Paganism, but also on the topics of occultism, spirituality and so on. The main issue here is how to recognize quality books in this heap?

There actually isn't one unified understanding of quality books because people have different definitions of quality. So, in this heading, I will guide you through my own system of recognizing quality books, that is through the process of eliminating low-quality ones.

When I started reading up on Wicca and Paganism, I was lucky enough to have stumbled upon a virtual group of people who were, at that time, already seriously devoted to this path and who had read many books on the topic. I was receiving book recommendations from all sides, and also reviews of them which helped me understand which books were good for what. It is important to remember that no book is perfect and will not offer all the information you may need. Nevertheless, every book has its forte, but it can also have flaws which we should be aware of if we want to get the best out of it. It is precisely because of this that it is important to develop the ability of critical thinking towards literature, and this is best done by reading, reading and reading some more. In time, this enables you to understand what coincides in certain books and what clashes (and why), what writing style you prefer, which suggestions really make sense to you, which of them you are able to actually apply in your life as well as those that you didn't find useful at all. Because this helped me so much in the beginning, I made a list of about 15 books on this blog which I would recommend to any beginner. I listed these books because I personally found them very useful (although this does not mean that everyone has to like them), because they shaped my spiritual practice for the better and because they correspond to my understanding of quality which I will continue talking about in this post. You can find this list in the "Recommended Reading" section of the blog. But let us continue with some more practical, active suggestions.

When I am looking for a book on the topic of Wicca or Paganism (or really any scholarly book), I first look at its contents. If the chapter titles correspond to what I am looking for in this book, then I continue to examine it. Of course, what I am looking for can differ. At first, I looked for substantial overviews which could cover a bit of everything - the history of Paganism, Sabbats and other celebrations, traditions, ritual practice, magic and so on. When you have read a certain number of books of this kind, you slowly start to understand what interests you the most and continue in that direction. This is when you start looking for books of a more narrower scope which tend to get more and more scholarly as you go deeper into this area. But these further books are not problematic to find because, by the time you get to this phase, you will have learnt how to differentiate the high from the low-quality books. Although, it is important to be able to notice a quality book in a sea of others at the very beginning of your search when you will probably be looking for a compendium of sorts.

When they have just entered the world of Wicca and Paganism, people have the tendency to fall for books with impressive titles. But this does not mean that you should skip books which have completely ordinary titles such is "An Introduction to ____" or simply "Wicca/Paganism". Give every book a chance regardless of its cover.

When I am flipping through a book in a bookstore, or reading through a short sample on the Internet (as can be found on Google Books for example), I always primarily look at the chapter on magic if it exists (and generally it does). The recent trend of reducing Wicca and Paganism to practicing magic is not something I find acceptable at all because this results in the complete disregard for the devotional aspect which is also important. In this case, magic is only one (discretionary) element of Paganism/Wicca. Furthermore, if I notice that the author of the particular book is focused more on serving "recipes" for spells and less on the magical process (which is based on the independent writing and planning of a magical act), I automatically eliminate this book. Of course, this does not mean that some authors won't give an example here and there which really does come in handy at the beginning of everyone's path. But any person that practices magic should be aware that magic is only as potent as the amount of energy that is poured into it. If someone just takes a book and reads from it something that somebody else has written, the amount of invested effort is null.

Precisely because the above mentioned reason, I would recommend to everyone that they, at least initially, avoid spell books and books similar to them which serve everything on a silver platter. Book such as these bear names such as "50 Love Spell To Change Your Life", "Use Magic to Get Money", "Little Book of Spells" and so on. They should be placed on the self-help bookshelf because this is what they are used for. They will not have any effect, but they will comfort those that are in need of them at that moment. They actually give false hope and develop negative stereotypes of Wiccans and Pagans. I claim the latter because they encourage the belief (and practice) that Wiccans, Pagans and witches practice magic out of selfishness and in the process completely neglect the ethical aspect of their spirituality. The more people read these types of books, the more will actually begin to disregard moral values and begin acting just in order to help themselves regardless of the consequences. In addition to all this, the very fact that these books can be found on every corner, from bookstores to newsstands and supermarkets, doesn't instill much confidence (although I have come across quality books on newsstands several times, but the books there are ordinarily low-quality).

Another type of literature which I by no means like are beginner kits in which you get a book and "everything you will need to get you started". This can be cute, but if someone needs to sell a whole pile of things along with a book in order to sell it, then something is suspicious here. Also, I find it hard to believe that you can get everything you will need to get started in a very small (and very thin) plastic bag. In my opinion, these sorts of books are intended for people that don't take Paganism or Wicca seriously, but rather want to satisfy a temporary whim for a small amount of money.

Sine Wicca and Paganism have gained a lot of popularity among teenagers in the past few decades, more and more books are being writtern precisely for them. The most notorious among them are Teen Witch and To Ride a Silver Broomstick by Silver Ravenwolf (interesting fact: the latter is among Llewellyn Publishing's bestsellers). Many people have negative opinions of this author for various reasons, but I won't be going into that here. But I have to bring up some pieces of criticism which are aimed at some of here books as well as all other books which are written for teenagers. First of all, they generally seem quite frivolous because of the way they are written and the examples given. Second of all, along with a simplified language, they also offer a simplified philosophy/history/theology of Wicca and Paganism which definitely doesn't benefit the reader no matter their age. In short, although the authors of these books do succeed in their aim of simplifying and bringing the topic closer to their readers, they tend to do this at the expense of information. Because of these, one needs to be very careful with these and all other "beginner" books. In the "Recommended Reading" section, I listed those beginner books which I think present information clearly and concisely, but in the process do not leave out important information and do not trivialize things. This does not mean that they are the best choices for everyone, but I believe they complement each other nicely and that everyone can build a quality foundation in Wicca and Paganism if they begin by reading this selection of books.

When I am able to flip through a book, after I've had a look at the chapter on magic, I immediately flip to the chapter on history. I am lucky enough to have learn some historical facts and am now able to judge the quality of the book at hand based on the accuracy of what is said in this chapter. Generally speaking, an author that includes a chapter on the history of Paganism/Wicca in their book and does not have their historical facts straight is not an author worth reading. I recommend you always look up at least some basic dates and names from this chapter if you are able to do so. You can search in other reliable and already tested sources on this topic, or simply use Google until you yourself have gained enough knowledge to assess the accuracy of the presented historical facts.

Some other faults I noticed in low-quality or mediocre quality books are hypocrisy and deficiency. The hypocrisy can usually be seen in the critique of other religions/faiths/spiritualities on the basis of their discriminatory acts from the past and present while simultaneously ridiculing these same religions/faiths/spiritualities and preaching about tolerance and love toward others. Deficiency is an equally bad flaw because it is reflected in scant information which lacks explanations. Too many books simply say "do this" and "do this that way precisely at that time" without explaining why something is done, why it's done in this manner and at that time. Because of this greatly appreciate the book Elements of Ritual by Deborah Lipp, for example. This was the first book I came upon that really explains why certain things are done the way they are in rituals.

A common flaw of all of these books is that they lack seriousness, depth and/or range. That is to say, if you are looking for a beginner book, I recommend you focus more on the range of information so you can get a little bit of information on every aspect of Wicca/Paganism and, from that, discern what interests you the most. Of course, it is great if a book is able to go into depth as well as range of the topic. Now, once you have found out what interests you, I recommend you aim towards topical depth rather than range so you can expand your knowledge on the particular topic and develop a more quality practice. But the book you chose has to be serious! This does not mean that it cannot include a single witty remark, funny anecdote or something similar (many quality authors I have read have this writing style), but simply that it should be objective (although subjective comments and experiences are allowed in moderate doses), that it gives warnings if needed, that it emphasizes the importance and gravity of Pagan/Wiccan spiritual practice, or basically that it doesn't promote it like a thirty-second video/radio commercial would (can you hear the overly-enthusiastic, fake voices which give you a headache?).

The Internet: Caution

The final and perhaps the largest menace in searching for information on Wicca and Paganism is the Internet. You can find heaps of nonsense in books, but the Internet is much worse given the amount of articles, notes, "books" and so on that are posted every day and have not passed through the hands of editors or proofreaders. I also could not believe what kind of nonsense I found among android apps! There really is a great need for caution when virtual information sources are in question because nowadays, everyone can write anything they like without any guarantee of quality.

I recommend you don't even use the Internet as a source unless it's really necessary or unless the source is of exceptional quality! This goes for my blog as well. The Internet can be useful to remind oneself of some piece of information, check or compare certain facts and research different views of a topic. But it should not be taken as a primary information source.

A very important warning which I can give you regarding the Internet is that you must not let yourself be misled by web sites that offer virtual courses on Wicca/witchcraft/Paganism, and this goes double for those that claim they will initiate, cleanse, bless you or who knows what else for a "symbolic price". Priesthood crash courses and little schools of witchcraft...nonsense.

Still, if you are turning to web sites, I recommend you apply the same suggestions that I mentioned in the previous headings. Along with this, intuition can also help you a lot. If you sense that something is wrong with that particular web site, just move along.

Ultimately, experience will will play its part. If you persist and read various sources, you will learn, in time, to recognize at first glance what isn't any good or what doesn't suit you. Anyway, I hope that you will develop your own opinions and learn to criticize and question what you are reading. Never take anything for granted, be inquisitive, motivated and explore further!